Charles Hughes, ExxonMobil Development, and Renaud Le Devehat, FMC Technologies present one challenge faced in locating a terminal 15km offshore Italy
The majority of conventional LNG terminals are located in sheltered harbours or utilize a breakwater as protection from wave conditions that can cause berthed LNG carriers to undergo dynamic motions during cargo transfer.
At such locations, standard hydraulic controls are sufficient for safe manifold connection and disconnection of the loading arms. Arm motions after connection are also easily accommodated by standard swivel joints because movements are slow and not repeated constantly during cargo transfer.
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