LNG

Equinor, the Norwegian major that is now the leading pipeline natural gas supplier to Europe, has just signed a 15-year agreement to deliver LNG cargoes to India with shipments starting in 2026.

Equinor’s growing global LNG portfolio is based on output from the Equinor-operated Hammerfest liquefaction plant on Melkøya island in northern Norway and additional cargoes booked mainly from the US.

Equinor said that the new Indian partner, Deepak Fertilisers and Petrochemicals Corporation Limited (DFPCL), would use the regasified LNG mainly as feedstock for production of ammonia in its newly commissioned plant for manufacturing fertilisers and petrochemicals.

The Equinor-Deepak agreement covers an annual supply of around 650,000 tonnes per annum of LNG for 15 years starting from 2026.

Equinor said that it was delighted with the Deepak agreement as ammonia was a “key building block for the society, being crucial for agriculture and food security” in the Asian nation.

“The ammonia which Deepak will produce from the natural gas will be for domestic use,” added Equinor.

New plant

The Deepak fertilisers facility is located at Taloja in the West Coast state of Maharashtra.

“Deepak’s new ammonia plant has created new gas demand in the growing Indian market,” explained Helge Haugane, Equinor’s Senior Vice President for Gas and Power.

“I am very happy that we have landed this agreement with Deepak Fertilisers. The agreement is another proof of how we use our position in the Atlantic Basin to strengthen our relationship with key players in the growing Indian market,” he added.

“We look forward to developing our relationship with Deepak and to exploring avenues for further collaboration on petrochemicals feedstocks such as propane and ethane and on low-carbon ammonia in the future,” stated Hauge.

Sailesh C. Mehta, Chairman and Managing Director, of DFPCL, said he was delighted with the Norwegian LNG deal.

“The agreement will provide reliable supplies of feedstock which will further strengthen Deepak Fertilisers’ value-chain from gas to ammonia, the key ingredient in fertilisers,” Mehta explained.

“The agreement will help us absorb global volatility as well as enhance overall margins,” he added.

“We also look forward to exploring with Equinor further collaboration on feedstock and carbon footprint reduction initiatives,” stated Mehta.

Norwegian major Equinor and its partners in the Snøhvit Future project and Hammerfest LNG have awarded a construction and installation contract to domestic company Leonhard Nilsen & Sønner.

The project partners of Equinor are Norway’s Petoro, Fance’s TotalEnergies, UK-listed Neptune Energy and Germany’s Wintershall Dea.

The Snøhvit Future project includes onshore compression and electrification of the Hammerfest LNG export plant.

The regulators postponed the start of electrification by two years until 2030 compared with the original schedule and in the interim the plant will continue to run on gas turbines.

The gas turbines will also be maintained for back-up power from 2030 to 2033.

Exports

Hammerfest exports around 4.70 million tonnes of LNG per annum and most of the volumes are delivered to European destinations like France, Spain, the Netherlands and Lithuania.

Most feed-gas for Hammerfest comes from a total of 20 wells in the Snøhvit and Albatross fields.

This output is transported to land through a 143-kilometre (90-mile) pipeline and the plant processes around 18.4 million cubic metres (mcm) of natural gas per day.

The Leonhard Nilsen company is headquartered in Andøy in Norway’s Nordland county and the work is worth 1.5 billion Norwegian crowns ($143 million) and will generate local spin-offs for other areas including Finnmark and Troms.

“We are pleased to award this contract to a company in Northern Norway. For Equinor, it has been important that the Snøhvit Future project should create ripple effects throughout the region,” said Trond Bokn, Equinor’s Senior Vice President for Project Development.

Reliable supplier

“The Snøhvit Future project will strengthen Norway’s position as a reliable long-term supplier of gas produced with very low greenhouse gas emissions,” Bokn added.

The project will secure jobs in the North of Norway and guarantee energy supply to Europe through 2050.

Three large modules will be installed at the Hammerfest plant including a compressor, a substation and electric steam boilers.

“Extensive modification work will also be carried out. In addition, there will be a lot of activity around Hammerfest, including the construction of a tunnel and transformer substation allowing power to be transmitted from Hyggevatn to Melkøya,” Equinor explained.

Hammerfest LNG is a key company in the region with approximately 350 permanent employees, plus about 150 contractors and apprentices.

The LNG plant also pays 170 million crowns in property taxes annually to the Hammerfest municipality.

As specialists in tunnelling, the Leonhard Nilsen company has delivered several large-scale projects both in Norway and abroad, and construction work will start once the necessary approvals and permits have been received. This is the company’s first assignment for Equinor.

“They submitted the best bid overall, and we look forward to working with a new supplier in the region. Leonhard Nilsen also has a number of sub-suppliers, including Viggo Eriksen in Hammerfest, Alta Anlegg and Hörmann Norway in Tromsø,” said Mette H. Ottøy, Equinor’s Chief Procurement Officer.

Equinor, the leading supplier of pipeline natural gas to Europe, and the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR) in Central Asia have signed an agreement whereby Equinor will divest all its remaining assets in Azerbaijan to SOCAR.

Norway’s national energy company Equinor, a main pipeline natural gas and LNG supplier to Europe as well as being a prominent trader, made total tax contributions of over $49 billion in the last tax year, including $1Bln in environmental taxes under the EU Emissions Trading System, as prices surged following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Equinor said it focused on securing safe and reliable delivery of energy and became the largest provider of natural gas to Europe as supplies from Russian supplier Gazprom virtually ended.

“Equinor is dedicated to contributing to progress for the societies where we operate, and paying tax where value is created is an important part of this,” said Equinor Chief Financial Officer Torgrim Reitan.

Special year

“It was also a special year in 2022 in the energy markets with high and volatile prices, followed by substantial tax contributions,” Reitan added.

Equinor group companies contributed with tax, host government entitlements, royalties and fee payments totalling $49.2Bln. Of this, $44.3Bln was paid to Norway, where Equinor has the largest operations.

The company explained that financial results in 2022 were strengthened by the higher prices across energy markets compared with 2021 and with particularly high prices and higher production of gas to Europe.

“Tax payments from Equinor provides governments and authorities with opportunities to increase welfare and strengthen their societies,” said Equinor.

Governance

The Tax Contribution Report provides information about the corporate income tax Equinor paid in countries and locations where it does business.

“The report discloses Equinor’s approach to tax and tax strategy, compliance, and governance,” it added.

Equinor also emphasized that it supported policies promoting the goals of the Paris Agreement and backed a price on carbon emissions as a measure to drive emissions reductions.

“The CO2 tax in Norway has promoted development of technology and solutions to produce oil and gas with lower emissions from operations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf,” said CFO Reitan.

In 2022, Equinor said it paid $1.1 billion in environmental taxes and fees, including carbon quotas within the EU Emissions Trading System.

The North Sea Transition Authority (NSTA), the UK regulator that is launching renewed oil and gas activities in British territorial waters that will affect future import needs for pipeline gas, LNG and oil has issued an Area Plan for cross-licence and cross-Hub collaborative frameworks to ensure maximum recovery of oil and gas in six areas.

The six areas where oil and gas activities will take place are the Central North Sea, the Northern North Sea, the Southern North Sea, West of Shetland, East of Shetland and the East Irish Sea.

The NSTA, formerly known as Oil and Gas Authority, had previously drawn up a “Maximising Economic Recovery of UK Petroleum (MER UK) Strategy” with added “behavioural Guidelines” written by the industry for the industry and aimed at helping all participants.

The report estimates that the effective use of Area Plans has the potential to unlock around 4 billion barrels of resources.

Working with operators

“The NSTA is working closely with operators, licence holders and other interested parties to develop Area Plans across the oil and gas life cycle,” said the report.

“These integrate exploration, development, production, and decommissioning to ensure operations ensure economic recovery with the optimum use of infrastructure to extend asset life,” the NSTA added.

The NSTA explained that Area Plans, like industry, are evolving with scopes of work now incorporating energy integration and net-zero considerations.

“Area Plans represent a shared view amongst industry participants of the optimal way to ensure economic resource recovery,’ said the report.

“For the majority of Area Plans, the NSTA will normally expect industry to lead on developing and delivering the plans,” it stated.

The NSTA has developed Guidance (revised in November 2023) to aid the industry’s understanding of their responsibilities for developing Area Plans and help improve collaboration across the UK Continental Shelf.

Updates

“As experience and practice develop, the NSTA will update and review this guidance,” it said.

Under the leadership of Steve Phimister, Industry Cultural Change Champion, the “Behavioural Guidelines” have been created to help those involved in Area Plans.

These Guidelines provide advice, share insights from existing Area Plans groups and signpost to relevant tools and resources.

The Guidelines are categorised into four “Area Plan Essentials”: 1.) Create the Right Environment; 2.) Secure the Right People at the Right Time; 3.) Clarify the Boundaries for Collaboration; and 4.) Agree an Appropriate Decision Process.

The full report is available on the NSTA Web site.

Equinor of Norway has signed a new agreement starting immediately to supply German utility and LNG market participant RWE with pipeline natural gas.

Norway's Equinor plans to restart production at the Hammerfest liquefaction and export plant in northern Norway on June 8 after it was shut down on May 31 due to a gas leak.

The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) said people are witnessing a rare event to see such high levels of natural gas and oil produced on the Norwegian Continental Shelf as was the case last year and significant investment decisions have also been made for future output including on LNG for a longer term from the Hammerfest liquefaction plant.

The leading Western subsea oil and gas field services companies Schlumberger, Aker Solutions and Subsea 7 plan to join forces to form a separate joint venture to deliver a step change in subsea production economics as energy exploration and production is set to gather pace amid the supply crisis.

The three companies propose to help customers unlock reserves, reduce time to first oil and lower development costs while simultaneously delivering on their decarbonization objectives.

The proposed joint venture will comprise the subsea businesses of Schlumberger and Aker Solutions, with Subsea 7 purchasing 10 percent of the joint venture for $306.5 million.

“This combination brings together deep reservoir domain and engineering design expertise, an extensive field-proven subsea production and processing technology portfolio, world-class manufacturing scale and capabilities, and a comprehensive suite of life-of-field solutions to customers all over the world,” said a statement.

It added that the transaction was subject to regulatory approvals as well as other customary closing conditions and is expected to close during the second half of 2023.

Following completion of the transaction, Schlumberger will own 70 percent of the joint venture, with Aker and Subsea 7 owning 20 percent and 10 percent respectively.

Transaction details

The Board of Directors of the joint venture will consist of three representatives from Schlumberger, two from Aker and one from Subsea 7.

The new joint venture will form part of the Subsea Integration Alliance, currently an unincorporated alliance between Schlumberger and Subsea 7.

The alliance will be extended by 10 years from the transaction completion date.

“This joint venture will bring together world-class businesses that are uniquely positioned to provide subsea technologies to help our customers improve recovery and reduce overall subsea development costs,” said Olivier Le Peuch, Chief Executive of Schlumberger, whose main offices are in Paris and Houston.

“Customers will benefit from enhanced services that leverage digital and technology innovation to drive improved performance while increasing energy efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions,” added Le Peuch.

Schlumberger CEO Peuch had forecast in January 2022 that a super-cycle may be underway for natural gas and oil markets.

Kjetel Digre, CEO of Norway-based Aker Solutions, said that by combining strong and complimentary competence and technologies, this compelling combination will deliver an industry step-change that will benefit all involved and the customers.

Economics case

“The offshore market activity is increasing, and this joint venture will drive enhanced offerings both in terms of subsea production economic,” added Digre.

John Evans, CEO of Subsea 7, said he was excited to build on the highly successful alliance with Schlumberger and partnership with Aker Solutions.

“This new joint venture is a critical step as we collaborate on the integrated subsea projects that drive maximum value for our customers,” added Evans for Subsea 7, headquartered in London and domiciled in Luxembourg.

Other transaction details show that Aker will receive $306.5M from Schlumberger which will be settled in the form of shares in Schlumberger.

The shares will be settled based on the volume-weighted average trading price of Schlumberger shares in the 10 business days preceding the closing of the transaction and are subject to a lock-up period of a minimum of 180 days.

Subsea 7 will purchase a 10 percent interest in the joint venture from Aker Solutions for $306.5M, which will be settled in cash.

Of this, 50 percent will be settled upon closing of the transaction and the remainder will be settled, with interest, by June 30, 2024.

Aker will receive $87.5M in proceeds from a vendor note from the joint venture. Of this, at least 50 percent will be paid, with interest, one year after the transaction closes and the remainder within two years.

Shell Chief Executive Ben van Beurden said there was no swift solution to Europe’s current energy crisis and the region would face significant challenges in meeting demand for several winters to come.

“I do not think this crisis is going to be limited to just one winter,” Ben van Beurden said at the Offshore Northern Seas (ONS) Foundation 2022 conference in Stavanger, Norway.

“It may well be that we have a number of winters where we have to somehow find solutions through efficiency savings, through rationing, and through a very quick build out of alternative gas imports or hopefully alternative energy sources,” said the Shell CEO.

His comments come after European natural gas and power futures contracts soared again to record highs and LNG cargoes are now priced at more than $300 million each.

Prices have surged since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, though they were already moving higher amid fears of gas shortages after the European Union’s halting of the start-up of the Gazprom-led Nord Stream II gas pipeline from Russia about four months before the Ukraine events.

About-turn

Analysts said that Van Beurden’s statement was a timely intervention though he has been among the majority group of energy CEOs, bankers and political leaders who have jumped on the net-zero bandwagon without making sure or emphasizing that sufficient oil and gas would have to be available in the years ahead before an energy transition is completed.

Even though the EU aims to reduce gas imports from Russia by two-thirds within a year and be virtually independent in five years, the 27-nation bloc is still reliant on Russian supplies in the near term.

“If there was no Russian gas supply at all life would be very hard,” stated Van Beurden whose company was shut Russian operations, including pulling out of the Sakhalin II LNG export plant in the Russian Far East.

Van Beurden said people should be mindful and responsible when it comes to the energy crisis and to understand that to believe that it could easily be solved was a “fantasy”.

The Shell CEO told the Norwegian conference that energy rationing may be needed for a number of years, underlining the scale of the challenge facing global economies.

Musk warning

Another speaker at the Norwegian conference was Elon Musk, the billionaire head of Tesla, the US multinational automotive and clean energy company headquartered in Austin, Texas.

Musk said “civilisation will crumble” without oil and gas as he warned the switch to green energy could take several decades.

He stated that the world needed to continue extracting oil and gas while it builds out renewable energy.

Musk declared that the current global energy crisis and the transition to sustainable energy was “one of the biggest challenges the world has ever faced”.

“Realistically I think we need to use oil and gas in the short term, because otherwise civilization will crumble. One of the biggest challenges the world has ever faced is the transition to sustainable energy and to a sustainable economy. That will take some decades to complete,” he explained.